Angular Cheilitis: Causes, Symptoms, And Treatment

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Angular cheilitis, commonly known as angular stomatitis, is an inflammatory condition affecting the corners of the mouth. It manifests as painful cracks, fissures, or sores, often causing discomfort and impacting one's quality of life. While not typically a severe condition, understanding its causes, symptoms, and available treatments is crucial for effective management.

What is Angular Cheilitis?

Angular cheilitis is characterized by inflammation at the angles of the mouth. The affected areas may appear red, swollen, and cracked. The condition can be acute, resolving within a few days or weeks, or chronic, persisting for longer periods and recurring frequently.

Symptoms of Angular Cheilitis

  • Cracks or fissures: Painful cracks at the corners of the mouth are the hallmark symptom.
  • Redness and inflammation: The skin around the mouth corners becomes red and inflamed.
  • Scaling and crusting: The affected areas may develop scales or crusts.
  • Pain and burning: Individuals often experience pain, burning, or itching at the corners of the mouth.
  • Blisters: In some cases, small blisters may form.

Causes of Angular Cheilitis

Several factors can contribute to the development of angular cheilitis. Identifying the underlying cause is essential for targeted treatment.

Common Causes

  • Infections: Fungal infections, particularly Candida albicans (the cause of thrush), and bacterial infections are frequent culprits.
  • Nutritional deficiencies: Deficiencies in iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, or riboflavin can increase susceptibility.
  • Excessive Saliva: Chronic drooling, which may occur during sleep or due to certain medical conditions, can create a moist environment conducive to infection.
  • Ill-fitting Dentures: Poorly fitted dentures can cause the corners of the mouth to remain moist, promoting fungal or bacterial growth.
  • Allergies and Irritants: Allergic reactions to lipsticks, lip balms, or other cosmetic products, as well as irritants in toothpaste or mouthwash, can trigger the condition.
  • Weakened Immune System: Individuals with compromised immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing chemotherapy, are more prone to infections and angular cheilitis.

Treatment Options

The treatment approach for angular cheilitis depends on the underlying cause. A combination of topical and systemic therapies may be necessary.

Topical Treatments

  • Antifungal Creams: If a fungal infection is suspected, antifungal creams containing clotrimazole or miconazole can be applied to the affected areas.
  • Antibacterial Ointments: For bacterial infections, antibacterial ointments like mupirocin can be used.
  • Topical Corticosteroids: Mild topical corticosteroids may help reduce inflammation and relieve discomfort.
  • Barrier Creams: Applying barrier creams or petroleum jelly can protect the affected areas from moisture and promote healing.

Systemic Treatments

  • Oral Antifungal Medications: In severe or persistent cases of fungal infection, oral antifungal medications like fluconazole may be prescribed.
  • Nutritional Supplements: If nutritional deficiencies are identified, supplements containing iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, or riboflavin can help correct the deficiencies.

Preventive Measures

  • Maintain Good Oral Hygiene: Practice regular brushing, flossing, and rinsing with an antiseptic mouthwash to prevent infections.
  • Address Nutritional Deficiencies: Eat a balanced diet rich in essential vitamins and minerals.
  • Avoid Irritants: Identify and avoid lip products or dental products that may be causing irritation or allergic reactions.
  • Proper Denture Care: Ensure dentures fit properly and are cleaned regularly to prevent infections.
  • Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water to keep the skin hydrated and prevent dryness.

Angular cheilitis, while often a minor condition, can cause significant discomfort. By understanding the causes, symptoms, and available treatments, individuals can effectively manage the condition and prevent recurrence. Consulting a healthcare professional is recommended for proper diagnosis and personalized treatment.